2 0 0 5
VOLVO
S40
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Chapter 7 - Starting and driving
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pg. 97 Starting and driving
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pg. 98 General information
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Economical driving conserves
natural resources
Better driving economy may be obtained by
thinking ahead, avoiding rapid starts and
stops and adjusting the speed of your vehicle
to immediate traffic conditions.
Observe the following rules:
Bring the engine to normal operating
temperature as soon as possible by
driving with a light foot on the accelerator
pedal for the first few minutes of
operation. A cold engine uses more fuel
and is subject to increased wear.
Whenever possible, avoid using the
vehicle for driving short distances. This
does not allow the engine to reach
normal operating temperature.
Drive carefully and avoid rapid acceleration
and hard braking.
Use the transmission's (D)rive position
as often as possible and avoid using
kickdown.
Do not exceed posted speed limits.
Avoid carrying unnecessary items (extra
load) in the vehicle.
Maintain correct tire pressure. Check
tire pressure regularly (when tires are
cold).
Remove snow tires when threat of snow
or ice has ended.
Note that roof racks, ski racks, etc,
increase air resistance and also fuel
consumption.
At highway driving speeds, fuel
consumption will be lower with the air
conditioning on and the windows closed
than with the air conditioning off and the
windows open.
Using the onboard trip computer's fuel
consumption modes can help you learn
how to drive more economically.
Other factors that decrease gas
mileage are:
Dirty air cleaner
Dirty engine oil and clogged oil filter
Dragging brakes
Incorrect front end alignment
Some of the above mentioned items and
others are checked at the standard maintenance
intervals.
Weight distribution affects
handling
At the specified curb weight your vehicle has
a tendency to understeer, which means that
the steering wheel has to be turned more
than might seem appropriate for the
curvature of a bend. This ensures good
stability and reduces the risk of rear wheel
skid. Remember that these properties can
alter with the vehicle load. The heavier the
load in the cargo area, the less the tendency
to understeer.
WARNING!
Driving with the trunk open: Driving
with the trunk open could lead to
poisonous exhaust gases entering the
passenger compartment. If the trunk
must be kept open for any reason,
proceed as follows:
Close the windows
Set the ventilation system control to air
flow to floor, windshield and side windows
and the blower control to its highest
setting.
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CAUTION!
Drive slowly and carefully if going through
standing water (i.e. flooded roadways,
etc.). Damage to the engine could result if
excess water is drawn in through the air
intake system. Never drive the vehicle in
water deeper than 18 inches (48 cm).
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pg. 99 General information
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Handling, roadholding
Vehicle load, tire design and inflation
pressure all affect vehicle handling.
Therefore, check that the tires are inflated to
the recommended pressure according to the
vehicle load. See the "Tire pressure" section.
Loads should be distributed so that capacity
weight or maximum permissible axle loads
are not exceeded.
Cold weather precautions
If you wish to check your vehicle before the
approach of cold weather, the following
advice is worth noting:
Make sure that the engine coolant
contains 50 percent antifreeze. Any
other mixture will reduce freeze
protection. This gives protection against
freezing down to -31°F (-35°C). See
section "Coolant". The use of "recycled"
antifreeze is not approved by Volvo.
Different types of antifreeze must not be
mixed.
Volvo recommends using only genuine
Volvo antifreeze in your vehicle's
radiator. Your Volvo retailer stocks plenty
of Volvo engine coolant to help protect
your vehicle during cold weather.
Try to keep the fuel tank well filled - this
prevents the formation of condensation
in the tank. In addition, in extremely cold
weather conditions it is worthwhile to
add fuel line de-icer before refueling.
The viscosity of the engine oil is
important. Oil with low viscosity (thinner
oil) improves cold-weather starting as
well as decreasing fuel consumption
while the engine is warming up. For
winter use, 5W-30 oil, particularly the
synthetic type1 , is recommended. Be
sure to use good quality oil but do not
use cold-weather oil for hard driving or
in warm weather. See page 187 for
more information.
The load placed on the battery is greater
during the winter since the windshield
wipers, lighting, etc. are used more
often. Moreover, the capacity of the
battery decreases as the temperature
drops. In very cold weather, a poorly
charged battery can freeze and be
damaged. It is therefore advisable to
check the state of charge more
frequently and spray an anti-rust oil on
the battery posts.
Volvo recommends the use of snow tires
on all four wheels for winter driving - see
the chapter "Wheels and tires."
To prevent the washer fluid reservoir
from freezing, add washer solvents
containing antifreeze (see page 148 for
the location of the washer fluid
reservoir). This is important since dirt is
often splashed on the windshield during
winter driving, requiring the frequent use
of the washers and wipers. Volvo
Washer Solvent should be diluted as
follows: Down to 14° F (-10° C): 1 part
washer solvent and 4 parts water, Down
to 5° F (-15° C): 1 part washer solvent
and 3 parts water, Down to 0° F (-18°
C): 1 part washer solvent and 2 parts
water, Down to -18° F (-28° C): 1 part
washer solvent and 1 part water.
Use Volvo Teflon Lock Spray in the
locks.
NOTE: Avoid using de-icing sprays as they
can cause damage to the locks.
1. Synthetic oil is not used when the oil
is changed at the normal maintenance
intervals except at owner request and at
additional charge. Please consult your
Volvo retailer.
Conserving electrical current
Keep the following in mind to help minimize
battery drain:
When the engine is not running, avoid
turning the ignition key to position II.
Many electrical systems (the audio
pg. 100 General information
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system, the optional navigation system,
power windows, etc) will function with
the ignition key in position I. This
position reduces drain on the battery.
Please keep in mind that using systems,
accessories, etc that consume a great
deal of current when the engine is not
running could result in the battery being
completely drained.
The optional 12 volt socket in the trunk
provides electrical current even with the
ignition switched off, which drains the
battery.
NOTE: If the ignition is switched on, a
warning message will be displayed in the text
window in the instrument panel when the
battery charge is low.
An energy conserving function designed into
the vehicle's electrical system will switch off
certain functions or reduce the load on the
battery by, e.g., reducing the audio system's
volume.
W Winter/Wet driving mode-
enhanced vehicle traction
Mode W will only function if the gear
selector is in the (D)rive position.
Press the button at the base of the gear
selector to engage/disengage this
driving mode.
An LED in the button will light up to
indicate that W is engaged.
This mode may be selected for starting/moving off on slippery roads.
Before a long distance trip
It is always worthwhile to have your vehicle
checked at a Volvo retailer before driving long
distances. Your retailer will also be able to
supply you with bulbs, fuses, spark plugs and
wiper blades for your use in the event that
problems occur.
As a minimum, the following items should be
checked before any long trip:
Check that engine runs smoothly and
that fuel consumption is normal.
Check for fuel, oil, and fluid leakage
Have the transmission oil level
checked2.
Check condition of drive belts.
Check state of the battery's charge.
Examine tires carefully (the spare tire as
well), and replace those that are worn.
Check tire pressures.
The brakes, front wheel alignment, and
steering gear should be checked by
your Volvo retailer only.
Check all lights, including high beams.
Reflective warning triangles are legally
required in some states/provinces.
Have a word with your Volvo retailer if
you intend to drive in countries where it
may be difficult to obtain the correct
fuel.
Consider your destination. If you will be
driving through an area where snow or
ice are likely to occur, consider snow
tires.
2. To prevent injury from contact with
hot surfaces, do not inspect your
vehicle's transmission fluid yourself.
Have your vehicle's transmission fluid
level inspected by a qualified Volvo
service technician.
pg. 101 Fuel requirements
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Octane rating
Volvo engines are designed for optimum
performance on unleaded premium gasoline
with an AKI octane rating of 91 or above. AKI
(ANTI KNOCK INDEX) is an average of the
Research Octane Number, RON, and the
Motor Octane Number, MON. ((RON +
MON)/2). The minimum octane requirement
is AKI 87 (RON 91).
Deposit control gasoline
(detergent additives)
Volvo recommends the use of detergent
gasoline to control engine deposits.
Detergent gasoline is effective in keeping
injectors and intake valves clean. Consistent
use of deposit control gasolines will help
ensure good driveability and fuel economy. If
you are not sure whether the gasoline
contains deposit control additives, check
with the service station operator.
NOTE: Volvo does not recommend the use
of store-bought fuel injector cleaning
additives.
Unleaded fuel
Each Volvo has a three-way catalytic
converter and must use only unleaded
gasoline. U.S. and Canadian regulations
require that pumps delivering unleaded
gasoline be labelled "UNLEADED". Only
these pumps have nozzles which fit your
vehicle's filler inlet. It is unlawful to dispense
leaded fuel into a vehicle labelled "unleaded
gasoline only". Leaded gasoline damages the
three-way catalytic converter and the heated
oxygen sensor system. Repeated use of
leaded gasoline will lessen the effectiveness
of the emission control system and could
result in loss of emission warranty coverage.
State and local vehicle inspection programs
will make detection of misfueling easier,
possibly resulting in emission test failure for
misfueled vehicles.
NOTE: Some U.S. and Canadian gasolines
contain an octane enhancing additive called
methyl-cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl
(MMT). If such fuels are used, your
Emission Control System performance may
be affected, and the Check Engine Light
(malfunction indicator lamp) located on your
instrument panel may light. If this occurs,
please return your vehicle to an authorized
Volvo retailer for maintenance.
Gasoline containing alcohol and
ethers
Some fuel suppliers sell gasoline containing
"oxygenates" which are usually alcohols or
ethers. In some areas, state or local laws
require that the service pump be marked
indicating use of alcohols or ethers. However,
there are areas in which the pumps are
unmarked. If you are not sure whether there is
alcohol or ethers in the gasoline you buy,
check with the service station operator. To
meet seasonal air quality standards, some
areas require the use of "oxygenated" fuel.
Volvo allows the use of the following
"oxygenated" fuels; however, the octane
ratings listed on this page must still be met.
Alcohol - Ethanol: Fuels containing up to
10% ethanol by volume may be used. Ethanol
may also be referred to as Ethyl alcohol, or
"Gasohol". Ethers - MTBE: Fuels containing
up to 15% MTBE may be used.
Fuel Formulations
Do not use gasoline that contains lead as a
knock inhibitor, and do not use lead additives.
Besides damaging the exhaust emission
control systems on your vehicle, lead has
been strongly linked to certain forms of
cancer. Many fuels contain benzene as a
solvent. Unburned benzene has been
strongly linked to certain forms of cancer. If
you live in an area where you must fill your
own gas tank, take precautions.
These may include:
standing upwind away from the filler
nozzle while refueling
pg. 102 Fuel requirements
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refueling only at gas stations with vapor
recovery systems that fully seal the
mouth of the filler neck during refueling
wearing neoprene gloves while handling
a fuel filler nozzle.
WARNING!
Carbon monoxide is a poisonous,
colorless, and odorless gas. It is present
in all exhaust gases. If you ever smell
exhaust fumes inside the vehicle, make
sure the passenger compartment is ventilated,
and immediately return the vehicle
to your retailer for correction.
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Use of Additives
With the exception of fuel line antifreeze
during winter months, do not add solvents,
thickeners, or other store-bought additives to
your vehicle's fuel, cooling, or lubricating
systems. Overuse may damage your engine,
and some of these additives contain organically
volatile chemicals. Do not needlessly
expose yourself to these chemicals.
Fuel filler door
Press the button on the light switch panel
(see the illustration on page 45) with the
ignition switched off to unlock the fuel filler
door. Please note that the fuel filler door will
remain unlocked until the vehicle begins to
move forward. An audible click will be heard
when the fuel filler door relocks.
If you intend to leave your vehicle while it is
being refueled, this feature enables you to
lock the doors/trunk while leaving the fuel
filler door unlocked.
You can also keep the vehicle locked if you
remain inside it during refueling. The central
locking button does not lock the fuel filler
door.
Be sure the fuel filler door is not obstructed
and is completely closed after refueling.
Open the fuel filler cap slowly during hot
weather.
Refueling
The fuel tank is designed to hold approximately
15.9 US gallons (60 liters)1 with sufficient
volume left over to accommodate
possible expansion of the fuel in hot weather.
Be aware that the "usable" tank capacity will
be somewhat less than the specified
maximum. When the fuel level is low, such
factors as ambient temperature, the fuel's
"Reid vapor pressure" characteristics, and
terrain can affect the fuel pump's ability to
supply the engine with an adequate supply of
fuel. Therefore, it is advisable to refuel as
soon as possible when the needle nears the
red zone, or when the fuel warning light
comes on.
1. Models with All Wheel Drive have
a tank volume of 15 US gallons (57
liters).
Models with engine code 39 have a
fuel tank capacity of 14.5 US
gallons (55 liters). This code is the
6th and 7th digits from the left in
your vehicle's VIN number. See
page 184 for the location of the VIN
plate.
pg. 103 Fuel requirements
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CAUTION!
Do not refuel with the engine runninga.
Turn the ignition off or to position I. If the
ignition is on, an incorrect reading could
occur in the fuel gauge
After refueling, close the fuel filler cap by
turning it clockwise until it clicks into
place.
Allow for fuel expansion by not overfilling
the tank. Overfilling could also cause
damage to the emission control systems.
Avoid spilling gasoline during refueling. In
addition to causing damage to the
environment, gasolines containing alcohol
can cause damage to painted surfaces,
which may not be covered under the New
Vehicle Limited Warranty.
Do not use gasolines containing methanol
(methyl alcohol, wood alcohol). This
practice can result in vehicle performance
deterioration and can damage critical
parts in the fuel system. Such damage
may not be covered under the New
Vehicle Limited Warranty.
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a. If the fuel filler cap is not closed tightly
or if the engine is running when the
vehicle is refueled, the Check Engine
Light (malfunction indicator lamp) may
indicate a fault. However, your vehicle's
performance will not be affected. Use
only Volvo original or approved fuel
filler caps.
pg. 104 Starting the vehicle
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Starting the vehicle
To start the engine:
1. Fasten the seat belt.
WARNING!
Before starting, check that the seat,
steering wheel and mirrors are adjusted
properly. Make sure the brake pedal can
be depressed completely. Adjust the seat
if necessary.
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2. Apply the parking brake if not already
set. The gear selector (automatic transmission)
is locked in the (P)ark position
(SHIFTLOCK). See
also page 109.
Manual transmission: the clutch must
be fully depressed.
3. Without touching the accelerator pedal,
turn the ignition key to the starting
position. Allow the starter to operate for
up to 10 seconds. Release the key as
soon as the engine starts. If the engine
fails to start, repeat this step.
NOTE:
On certain models, when the vehicle is
started, idle speed may be noticeably
higher than normal for a short period,
depending on the temperature of the
engine. This has been done to help
bring components in the emission
control system to their normal operating
temperature as quickly as possible,
which enables them to function normally.
For cold starts at altitudes above 6000
ft. (1800 meters), depress the accelerator
pedal halfway and turn the key to
the starting position. Release the pedal
slowly when the engine starts.
4. To release the gear selector from the
(P)ark position, the engine must be
running (or the ignition key must be in
position II) and the brake pedal must be
depressed.
5. Select the desired gear. On models with
an automatic transmission, the gear
engages after a very slight delay which is
especially noticeable when selecting R.
NOTE:
Immobilizer: If two of the keys to your
vehicle are close together, e.g., on the
same key ring when you try to start the
vehicle, this could cause interference in
the immobilizer system and result in the
vehicle not starting. If this should occur,
remove one of the keys from the key ring
before trying to start the vehicle again.
Keylock: Your vehicle is equipped with
a keylock system. When the engine is
switched off, the gear selector must be
in the (P)ark position before the key can
be removed from the ignition switch.
When starting in cold weather, the
automatic transmission may shift up at
slightly higher engine speeds than
normal until the automatic transmission
fluid reaches normal operating temperature.
Do not race a cold engine immediately
after starting. Oil flow may not reach
some lubrication points fast enough to
prevent engine damage.
WARNING!
Volvo's floor mats are specially manufactured
for your car. They must be firmly
secured in the clips on the floor so that
they cannot slide and become trapped
under the pedals on the driver's side.
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pg. 105 Starting the vehicle
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CAUTION!
Automatic transmission: The engine
should be idling when you move the gear
selector. Never accelerate until after you
feel the transmission engage! Accelerating
immediately after selecting a gear
will cause harsh engagement and
premature transmission wear. Selecting P
or N when idling at a standstill for
prolonged periods of time will help
prevent overheating of the automatic
transmission fluid.
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WARNING!
Always place the gear selector in Park
and apply the parking brake before
leaving the vehicle. Never leave the
vehicle unattended with the engine
running.
Always open garage doors fully before
starting the engine inside a garage to
ensure adequate ventilation. The exhaust
gases contain carbon monoxide, which is
invisible and odorless but very poisonous.
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pg. 106 Ignition switch and steering
wheel lock
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0 - Locked position
Remove the key to lock the
steering wheel1. Never turn
the key to position 0 while
driving or when the vehicle is
being towed.
NOTE: A ticking sound may be audible if the
key is turned to a position between 0 and I.
To stop this sound, turn the key to position II
and back to position 0.
I - Intermediate position2
Certain accessories, radio,
etc. on, daytime running
lights off
1. The gear selector must be in the Park
position.
2. Please be aware that leaving the key
in this position will increase battery
drain.
II - Drive position
The key's position when
driving. The vehicle's entire
electrical system is
activated.
III - Start position
Release the key when the
engine starts. The key
returns automatically to the
Drive position.
A chime will sound if the key
is left in the ignition and the
driver's door is opened.
Steering wheel lock
When the key is removed from the ignition,
the steering wheel locks so that it cannot be
turned.
If the front wheels are hard up against a curb,
the steering wheel lock may be under too
much tension to unlock.
If so, the key will turn in the ignition switch but
the car will not start.
At the same time, a message "Steering
locked" will appear in the driver information
text display.
If this happens:
1. Remove the key from the ignition.
2. Turn the steering wheel slightly and hold
it to relieve pressure on the lock
mechanism. Reinsert it the key.
The steering should immediately unlock. If
not, try again.
NOTE: In order to help reduce vehicle theft,
make sure the steering wheel lock is engaged
before leaving the vehicle.
WARNING!
Never switch off the ignition (turn the
ignition key to position 0) or remove the
key from the ignition switch while the
vehicle is in motion. This could cause the
steering wheel to lock, which would make
the vehicle impossible to steer.
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pg. 107 Manual transmission
wheel lock
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5-speed manual transmission
(option on certain models)
Depress the clutch pedal completely when
changing gears1.
Remove your foot from the clutch pedal while
driving. The shift pattern should be followed.
Overdrive (5th gear) should be used as often
as possible to help improve fuel economy.
1. Clutch interlock
The clutch must be fully depressed
before you can start your car. If the
clutch is not depressed, it will not
be possible to start the engine.
6-speed manual transmission
(option on certain models)
Fifth and sixth gears should be used as often
as possible to help improve fuel economy.
WARNING!
An extra mat on the driver's floor can
cause the accelerator pedal and/or the
clutch pedal to catch. Check that the
movement of these pedals is not
impeded. Not more than one protective
floor covering may be used at one time.
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Engaging reverse gear
Reverse gear should only be engaged from a
complete stop.
CAUTION!
Never shift into reverse
while moving forward. |
pg. 108 Automatic transmission - Geartronic
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Shift gate positions
Depress the button on the front of the gear
selector knob to move the selector between
the R, N, D, and P positions.
The gear selector can be moved freely
between the Geartronic (manual shifting) and
(D)rive positions while driving.
Gear selector positions
P - Park
Select the P position when starting or
parking.
In P, the transmission is mechanically
blocked (Shiftlock). Always apply the parking
brake when parking.
CAUTION!
The car must be stationary when selecting
position P.
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R - Reverse
The car must be stationary when shifting to
position R.
N - Neutral
N is the neutral position. The engine can be
started, but no gear is selected. Apply the
parking brake when the car is stationary with
the gear selector in N.
D - Drive
D is the normal driving position. The car
automatically shifts between the various
forward gears, based on the level of acceleration
and speed. The car must be at a standstill
when shifting to position D from position
R
Manual shifting - Geartronic
The manual shifting mode (Geartronic) can
be selected at any time, including while the
car is moving.
To access the (M)anual shifting
position from (D)rive, move the gear
selector to the right to M.
To return to the (D)rive position from
M, move the gear selector to the left.
While driving
If you select the M position while
driving, the gear that was being used in
the (D)rive position will also initially be
selected in M position.
Move the gear selector forward (toward
"+") to shift to a higher gear or rearward
(toward "-") to shift to a lower gear.
If you hold the gear selector toward "-",
the transmission will downshift one gear
at a time and will utilize the braking
power of the engine. If the current
pg. 109 Automatic transmission - Geartronic
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speed is too high for using a lower gear,
the downshift will not occur until the
speed has decreased enough to allow
the lower gear to be used.
If you slow to a very low speed, the
transmission will automatically shift
down.
W - Winter/Wet driving mode -
enhanced vehicle traction
Mode W reduces torque at the wheels, which
helps improve traction when starting off on a
slippery surface.
Once underway, turn off mode W to improve
vehicle performance and fuel economy.
Mode W will only function if the gear
selector is in the (D)rive position.
Press the button near the base of the
gear selector to engage/disengage this
driving mode. The indicator light in the
button will light up when the function is
engaged.
Automatic transmission -
adaptive system
The automatic transmission is controlled by
an adaptive control system that constantly
monitors the way in which the transmission
functions. It senses and adapts each gear
shift for optimal performance.
Cold starts (turbo engines)
When driving before the engine has reached
its normal operating temperature, the transmission
will shift up at slightly higher engine
speeds to heat the three-way catalytic
converter as quickly as possible.
Kickdown
Automatic shift to a lower gear (kickdown) is
achieved by depressing the accelerator
pedal fully and briskly. An upshift will occur
when approaching the top speed for a
particular gear or by releasing the accelerator
pedal slightly. Kickdown can be used for
maximum acceleration or when passing at
highway speeds.
NOTE: The gear selector must be in the D
(Drive) position for kickdown to function.
Shiftlock override
Shiftlock prevents the gear selector from
being moved out of Park unless the ignition
key is in position II and the brake pedal is
depressed.
In certain cases it may be necessary to move
the gear selector from the Park position
manually, for example if the battery is
discharged.
Overriding the shiftlock system
To manually override the Shiftlock
system:
1. Apply the parking brake.
2. Depress the brake pedal.
3. There is a small cover behind P-R-N-D on
the gear selector panel. Open the rear
edge of the panel.
4. Insert the key blade (see page 90) or a
screwdriver into the opening and press it
down until it bottoms and move the gear
selector out of the P position.
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