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VOLVO
S80
| Chapter 6 - Starting and driving |
NOTE ENGINE OIL:
Although some oil consumption occurs during normal engine operation, more oil is consumed when the engine is new as the internal parts generate higher friction while wearingin to each other. From the time the engine is new until the first service is performed, the oil consumption could be higher than normal. For this reason, it is especially important to check the oil every time you refuel your car during this period. See page 115.
Fuel requirements
Octane rating
Volvo engines are designed for optimum performance on unleaded premium gasoline with an octane rating. AKI of 91, or above. AKI (ANTI KNOCK INDEX) is an average of the Research Octane Number, RON, and the Motor Octane Number, MON. (RON + MON/2).
The minimum octane requirement is AKI 87 (RON 91).
Deposit control gasoline (detergent additives)
Volvo recommends the use of gasoline containing deposit control additives. These additives have shown to be efficient in keeping injectors and intake valves clean. Consistent use of deposit control gasolines will help ensure good driveability and fuel economy. If you are not sure whether the gasoline contains deposit control additives, check with the service station operator.
Unleaded fuel
Each Volvo has a three-way catalytic converter and must use only unleaded gasoline. U.S. and Canadian regulations require that pumps delivering unleaded gasoline be labelled "UNLEADED". Only these pumps have nozzles which fit your car's filler inlet. It is unlawful to dispense leaded fuel into a vehicle labelled "unleaded gasoline only". Leaded gasoline damages the three-way catalytic converter and the heated oxygen sensor system. Repeated use of leaded gasoline will lessen the effectiveness of the emission control system and could result in loss of emission warranty coverage. State and local vehicle inspection programs will make detection of misfueling easier, possibly resulting in emission test failure for misfueled vehicles.
NOTE: Some U.S. and Canadian gasolines contain an octane enhancing additive called methyl-cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT). If such fuels are used, your Emission Control System performance may be affected, and the Check Engine Light (malfunction indicator lamp) located on your instrument panel may light. If this occurs, please return your vehicle to an authorized Volvo retailer for service.
Gasoline containing alcohol and ethers
"Oxygenated fuels"
Some fuel suppliers sell gasoline containing "oxygenates" which are usually alcohols or ethers. In some areas, state or local laws require that the service pump be marked indicating use of alcohols or ethers. However, there are areas in which the pumps are unmarked. If you are not sure whether there is alcohol or ethers in the gasoline you buy, check with the service station operator. To meet seasonal air quality standards, some areas require the use of "oxygenated" fuel.
Volvo allows the use of the following "oxygenated fuels; however, the octane ratings listed on this page must still be met.
Alcohol — Ethanol: Fuels containing up to 10% ethanol by volume may be used. Ethanol may also be referred to as Ethyl alcohol, or "Gasohol".
Ethers — MTBE: Fuels containing up to 15% MTBE may be used.
Refueling
The fuel tank is designed to hold approximately 21.1 US gal. (80 liters) with sufficient volume left over to accommodate possible expansion of the fuel in hot weather. Be aware that the "usable" tank capacity will be somewhat less than the specified maximum. When the fuel level is low, such factors as ambient temperature, the fuel's "Reid vapor pressure" characteristics, and terrain can affect the fuel pumps' ability to supply the engine with an adequate supply of fuel. Therefore, it is advisable to refuel as soon as possible when the needle nears the red zone, or when the fuel warning light comes on.
Fuel filler door
If you lock your car with the key or remote control, the fuel filler door will lock after a 10- minute delay. If you intend to leave your car while it is being refueled, this feature enables you to lock the doors/trunk while leaving the fuel filler door unlocked.
You can also keep the car locked if you remain inside it during refueling. The central locking button does not lock the fuel filler door. Be sure the fuel filler door is not obstructed and is completely closed after refueling.
Open the fuel filler cap slowly during hot weather conditions.
NOTE: During a transitional period, a small number of service stations may still have
fuel nozzles that are not compatible with the fuel filler neck on cars equipped with
the evaporative control system. Please refer to page 109 for additional information.
* If the fuel filler cap is not closed tightly or if the engine is running when the car is refueled, the Check Engine Light (Malfunction Indicator Lamp) may indicate a fault. However, your vehicle's performance will not be affected. Use only Volvo original or approved fuel filler caps.
Starting the engine
1. Fasten the seat belt.
WARNING! Before starting, check that the seat, steering wheel and mirrors are adjusted properly. Make sure the brake pedal can be depressed completely. Adjust the seat if necessary. See page 48. |
2. Apply the parking brake, if not already set. The gear selector is locked in the (P)ark position (SHIFTLOCK).
3. Without touching the accelerator pedal, turn the ignition key* to the starting position. Allow the starter to operate for up to 5 seconds (turbo: 10 seconds). Release the key as soon as the engine starts. If the engine fails to start, repeat this step.
For cold starts at altitudes above 6000 ft (1800 meters), depress the accelerator pedal halfway and turn the key to the starting position. Release the pedal slowly when the engine starts.
4. To release the gear selector from the (P)ark position, the engine must be running (or the ignition key must be in position II) and the brake pedal must be depressed.
5. Select the desired gear. The gear engages after a very slight delay which is especially noticeable when selecting R.
NOTE:
· Your car is equipped with a KEYLOCK
system. When the engine is switched off, the gear selector must be in the
(P)ark position before the key can be removed from the ignition switch.
· When starting in cold weather, the transmission may shift up
at slightly higher engine speeds than normal until the
automatic transmission fluid reaches normal operating temperature.
CAUTION:
· The engine should be idling when you move the gear selector.
Never accelerate until after you feel the transmission engage! Accelerating
immediately after selecting a gear will cause harsh gear engagement
and premature transmission wear.
· Selecting P or N when idling at a standstill for prolonged periods
of time will help prevent overheating of the automatic
transmission fluid.
· Do not race a cold engine immediately after starting. Oil flow
may not reach some lubrication points fast enough to prevent
engine damage.
WARNING! |
* Your car is equipped with an electronic start inhibitor (immobilizer). The keys you received with your car are specially coded. The code in the key is transmitted to an antenna in the ignition switch where it is compared to the code stored in the start inhibitor module. The car can only be started if a properly coded key is used.
If two of the keys to your car are close together, e.g., on the same
key ring, when you try to start the car, this could cause interference in
the immobilizer system and result in the car not starting. If this should
occur, remove one of the keys from the key ring before trying to start the
car again.
P (Park)
Use this position when starting the engine or parking the car.
Never use P while the car is in motion.
The parking brake should also be set whenever the car is parked.
The gear selector is mechanically locked in the P position (SHIFTLOCK). To release the gear selector from this position, the engine must be running (or the ignition key must be in position II) and the brake pedal must be depressed.
WARNING! Never leave the car unattended when the engine is running. If, by mistake, the gear selector is moved from P, the car may start moving. |
R (Reverse)
Never engage R while the car is moving forward.
N (Neutral)
Neutral - no gear engaged. Use the parking brake.
D (Drive)
D is the normal driving position and should be used as often as possible to help improve fuel economy. The car should not be moving when shifting from R to the D position.
3 (Intermediate gear)
The transmission will shift automatically between gears 3, 2 or 1 from this position. The transmission cannot shift up to (D)rive (D) from third gear.
2 (Intermediate gear)
The transmission will shift automatically between gears 2 and 1 from this position. The transmission cannot shift up to third gear from second gear.
1 (Low gear)
If you select this gear at speeds above 30 mph (50 km/h), the transmission will first shift to second gear and then to first gear at lower speeds.
NOTE: The intermediate and low gears can be used for:
· Driving in a mountainous area
· Towing a trailer
· Increasing the braking effect of the engine.
· The transmission has a built-in limiter
designed to help prevent excessive engine
speeds (high rpm) when gears 3,2 or 1 are
selected.
Kickdown
Automatic shift to a lower gear (kickdown) is achieved by depressing the accelerator pedal fully and briskly. An upshift will occur when approaching the top speed for a particular gear or by releasing the accelerator pedal slightly. Kickdown can be used for maximum accelera-tion or when passing at highway speeds.
Automatic transmission - adaptive system
The automatic transmission is controlled by an adaptive guidance system that constantly monitors the way in which the transmission functions. It senses and adapts each gear shift for optimal performance. The system also monitors your particular driving style and adapts gear shifting accordingly.
The gear selector can be moved freely between N and D.
Depressing the selector knob enables you to move the gear selector to positions P, R, N,
D, 3, 2 and 1.
W Winter/Wet driving mode - enhanced vehicle traction
· Mode W will only function if the gear selector is in the (D)rive position.
· Press the button at the base of the
gear selector to engage/disengage this driving mode (see illustration).
· An LED in the button will light up
to indicate that W is engaged and this will also be displayed in the instrument
panel (see page 23).
· This mode may be selected for
starting/moving off on slippery roads.
P (Park)
Use this position when starting the engine or parking the car.
Never use P while the car is in motion.
The parking brake should also be used when parking on grades.
The gear selector is mechanically locked in the P position (SHIFTLOCK). To release the gear selector from this position, the engine must be running (or the ignition key must be in position II) and the brake pedal must be depressed.
WARNING! Never leave the car unattended when the engine is running. If, by mistake, the gear selector is moved from P, the car may start moving. |
R (Reverse)
Never engage R while the car is moving forward.
N (Neutral)
Neutral - no gear engaged. Use the parking brake.
D (Drive)
D is the normal driving position and should be used as often as possible to help improve fuel economy. The car should not be moving when shifting from R to the D position.
Kickdown
Automatic shift to a lower gear (kickdown) is achieved by depressing the accelerator
pedal fully and briskly. An upshift will occur
when approaching the top speed for a particular
gear or by releasing the accelerator pedal slightly.
Kickdown can be used for maximum acceleration or when passing at highway
speeds. Kickdown does not function when the transmission is in the manual
shift (geartronic) mode (see next page).
Shift gate positions
Automatic transmission - adaptive system
The automatic transmission is controlled by an adaptive control system that constantly monitors the way in which the transmission functions. It senses and adapts each gear shift for optimal performance. The system also monitors your particular driving style and adapts gear shifting accordingly.
Automatic transmission - shift gate positions
You can move the gear selector freely between the (MAN)ual and (D)rive positions while driving.
Depress the selector knob on the front side of the gear selector to move between the R, N, D and P positions.
Please see the following page for information on using the Geartronic manual shift mode.
Manual shifting - Geartronic
You can move the gear selector freely between the (MAN)ual and (D)rive positions while driving. Gears 2, 3, and 4 have a "lock-up" function which reduces engine speed and helps save fuel.
The currently selected gear will be displayed in the instrument panel (see page 23).
· To access the (MAN)ual shifting
position from (D)rive, pull the gear selector back slightly from D and move it to the left
to MAN.
· To return to the (D)rive position
from MAN, move the gear selector to the right and push it forward to the (D)rive position.
While driving
If you select the (MAN)ual position while driving, the gear that was being used in
the (D)rive position will also initially be
selected in (MAN)ual position.
· Move the gear selector forward
(toward "+") to shift to a higher gear or
rearward (toward "-") to shift to a lower gear.
· If you hold the gear selector toward
"-", the transmission will downshift, one
gear at a time, and will utilize the braking power of the engine. If the current speed is
too high for using a lower gear, the
downshift will not occur until the speed
has decreased enough to allow the lower
gear to be used.
· If you slow down to a very low speed,
the transmission will automatically shift down.
· When starting in the (MAN)ual
position, 3rd gear is the highest gear that may be selected.
NOTE: Kickdown (see previous page)
does not function when the transmission is in
the manual shift (geartronic) mode.
W Winter/Wet driving mode - enhanced vehicle traction
· Mode W will only function if the gear selector is in the (D)rive position.
· Press the button at the base of the
gear selector to engage/disengage this driving mode (see illustration).
· An LED in the button will light up
to indicate that W is engaged and this will also be displayed in the instrument
panel (see page 23).
· This mode may be selected for
starting/moving off on slippery roads.
Economical driving conserves natural resources
Better driving economy may be obtained by thinking ahead,
avoiding rapid starts and stops and adjusting the speed of your vehicle to
immediate traffic conditions. Observe the following rules:
· Bring the engine to normal operating temperature as soon as
possible by driving with a light foot on the accelerator pedal for the first
few minutes of operation. A cold engine uses more fuel and is subject
to increased wear.
· Whenever possible, avoid using the car for driving short
distances. This does not allow the engine to reach normal operating
temperature.
· Drive carefully and avoid rapid acceleration and hard braking.
· Do not exceed posted speed limits.
· Avoid carrying unnecessary items (extra load) in the car.
· Maintan correct tire pressure. Check tire pressure regularly
(when tires are cold).
· Remove snow tires when threat of snow or ice has ended.
· Note that roof racks, ski racks, etc., increase air resistance and
also fuel consumption.
· Avoid using automatic transmission kickdown feature
unless necessary.
· However, at higher driving speeds, fuel
consumption will be lower with the air
conditioning on and the windows closed than with the air conditioning off and the
windows open.
· Using the onboard trip computer's fuel
consumption modes can help you learn
how to drive more economically.
Other factors which decrease gas mileage are:
· Worn or dirty spark plugs
· Incorrect spark plug gap
· Dirty air cleaner
· Dirty engine oil and clogged oil filter
· Dragging brakes
· Incorrect front end alignment
Some of the above mentioned items and others are checked at the standard Maintenance Service intervals.
NOTE: Vehicles equipped with automatic transmissions should use (D)rive as often as possible and avoid using "kickdown" to help improve fuel economy.
Cooling system
The risk for engine overheating is greatest,
especially in hot weather, when:
· Towing a trailer up steep inclines for
prolonged periods at wide open throttle
and low engine rpm.
· Stopping the engine suddenly after high
speed driving (so-called "after-boiling"
can occur).
· To avoid overheating, the following rules
should be followed:
Do not drive for prolonged periods at
engine speeds above 4500 rpm if you are
towing a trailer in hilly terrain.
· Reduce speed when towing a trailer up
long, steep inclines. The risk of overheat-ing
can be reduced by switching off the air
conditioning system for a short time.
· Do not let the engine idle unnecessarily for
prolonged periods.
· Do not mount auxiliary lamps in front of
the grill.
When the risk of overheating is imminent, or
in the event of overheating (the temperature
gauge goes repeatedly into, or stays continual-ly
in, the red section), the following precau-tions
should be taken:
· Switch off the air conditioning system.
· Pull off the road, away from traffic, stop
the car and put the gear selector into Park.
Do not stop the engine!
· Switch the heater to full (maximum)
position. Increase the engine speed to
approx. 2000 rpm (twice idling speed)
until the temperature begins to drop.
· If the warning light in the center of the
instrument panel is red, and the message
"Coolant level lo stop engine" is displayed,
switch off the engine as soon as possible.
WARNING! |
If necessary, see See page 110 for information on checking and topping-up the coolant level.
